The primary component of garbage bags is polyethylene (PE), encompassing both high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Bags made from HDPE are relatively rigid and tear-resistant, making them suitable for heavier waste; conversely, bags made from LDPE are softer and more elastic, offering good resistance to rupture, which makes them widely used in daily life.
In addition to polyethylene, some garbage bags incorporate materials such as linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) to enhance toughness, tensile strength, and puncture resistance, ensuring greater durability when holding sharp or heavy items.
To improve product performance or reduce production costs, additives such as color masterbatches, fillers, antioxidants, and lubricants are often included. Color masterbatches provide various colors-such as black or green-while antioxidants delay plastic degradation. Lubricants help improve processing efficiency and result in a smoother surface finish.
In recent years, rising environmental awareness has led to the market introduction of biodegradable garbage bags. These products are typically manufactured using biodegradable materials like polylactic acid (PLA) and PBAT, or through composites involving starch-based materials; they can gradually decompose under specific composting conditions, playing a positive role in reducing plastic pollution.